Watershed, an international platform which helps some of the world’s biggest corporations to measure, report and reduce their carbon emissions, has facilitated the purchase of sustainable aviation fuel certificates (SAFc) by four major companies to help them compensate for emissions created by their corporate air travel. The deals were arranged through the Sustainable Aviation Buyers Alliance (SABA), for BlackRock, a global investment, advisory and risk management group, and financial and corporate technology companies Ripple, Samsara and Block. The SAF associated with their certificates will be allocated to US carrier Alaska Airlines, a founding member of SABA, while the four companies will be able to claim environmental attributes of the fuel as contributions to their own emission reduction targets.

Watershed measures total carbon emissions across all areas of corporate operations, then consolidates data to provide a detailed account of emissions for reports to shareholders, regulators and other stakeholders.

It also identifies and helps deliver remedial actions, as it has in this case through its partnership with SABA, for which it aggregates corporate demand for SAFc, leading to procurement and delivery of authenticated, high-integrity supplies to airlines.

The four purchases it has just announced, while not specifically quantified, are linked to a collection of deals announced by SABA earlier this year which are expected to attract SAFc commitments valued at $200 million, equating to approximately 50 million gallons of the fuel.

The SAF will be sourced from four fuel suppliers over five years and, fully deployed, is expected to reduce CO2 emissions from aircraft by approximately 500,000 tons.

Claire Kiely, Head of Watershed Marketplace Carbon Supply, said collective purchasing deals such as the four just announced represent “a compelling demand signal” to help increase supplies of SAF.

“Watershed consolidates our customers’ demand for high-impact, low-carbon technology like sustainable aviation fuel, then works with SAF suppliers, airlines and experts through SABA to meet that demand and grow an essential new sector,” she said.

“By participating in this historic investment, Watershed customers are providing a powerful demand signal for SAF and affirming the role SAFc will play in corporate emissions reduction initiatives.”

Alaska Airlines, the end user in the Watershed SAFc deal, is a leading proponent of multiple decarbonisation technologies, including SAF, hydrogen-electric propulsion and all-new aircraft designs.

The carrier’s scale has just increased with approval of its acquisition of Hawaiian Airlines, which, while it will continue to operate as a separate brand, potentially offers further opportunities to broaden deployment of SAF under the group umbrella, in addition to its own plans for the fuels.

“Alaska Airlines is all-in on advancing the market for sustainable aviation fuels, a critical element in the path to decarbonise aviation,” said Diana Birkett Rakow, the company’s SVP Public Affairs and Sustainability.  

“We are one of the founding members of SABA’s Aviators group because we know that we will only reach our destination if we’re tackling this challenge from all angles – business, policy, financing and more. Investing in SAF alongside partners like Watershed, BlackRock, Ripple, Samsara and Block helps us scale up use.”

BlackRock has highlighted “a massive reallocation of capital” as the low-carbon economy continues to evolve globally with new technologies, changing consumer and investor preferences, and shifts in government policies.

Ripple’s VP Social Impact and Sustainability, Ken Weber, said joining the corporate push to boost SAF use was also an important step for his company in reaching its target of net zero carbon by 2030.

“Through collaboration with Watershed and SABA we are not only supporting the growth of SAF but also empowering other companies to take similar meaningful steps in reducing their emissions footprint,” he said.

Kim Carnahan, Head of SABA’s secretariat and CEO of the Center for Green Market Activation, said aggregator partners such as Watershed were critical in helping accelerate the growth of green commodity markets.

“By consolidating demand among its customers, Watershed is helping SABA send a larger demand signal to the SAF market while enabling us to welcome a new set of leading corporations,” she said.

SABA was founded by the Environmental Defense Fund and Rocky Mountain Institute and is supported by the Center for Green Market Activation. Among SABA’s founding members are corporations including Bank of America, Boeing, Boston Consulting Group, Deloitte, JP Morgan Chase, McKinsey & Co, Microsoft, Meta, Netflix and Salesforce.

Photo: Alaska Airlines

Tony Harrington

Correspondent

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Following shortly after a similar offtake deal with US e-SAF startup Twelve, International Airlines Group (IAG), the owner of British Airways, Iberia, Aer Lingus, Vueling and LEVEL, has announced a 10-year agreement to purchase power-to-liquid aviation fuel, or e-SAF, from California-based Infinium. The volume and value of the deal were not disclosed, but the e-SAF will be produced at the clean-tech company’s Project Roadrunner plant, a former gas-to-liquids facility currently being converted in West Texas. Infinium says the plant will become the world’s biggest e-SAF facility once it is fully operational. The company has backing from Amazon’s Climate Pledge Fund and Bill Gates’ Breakthrough Energy Catalyst, and in September it raised a potential $1 billion through Brookfield Asset Management towards Roadrunner and the deployment of other e-fuel projects globally. It also has a strategic deal with American Airlines for delivery of commercial volumes starting in 2026.

“Long-term, bankable commitments like these are what drive the ability to ramp up production of e-SAF,” commented Robert Schuetzle, Infinium’s CEO, on the IAG agreement.

IAG claims its airlines used an estimated 12% of global SAF supplies last year. The new deal will enable the company to access Infinium’s e-SAF for any of its five airlines, which collectively operate 582 aircraft to more than 250 destinations in 91 countries.

“So far, we’re on track to deliver our 10% 2030 SAF goal,” said Jonathon Counsell, IAG’s Group Sustainability Officer, “and agreements with innovators like Infinium are key to reaching this target.”    

Aviation’s focus on e-SAF has intensified as global demand for SAF increases dramatically and as the EU prepares to activate a 2% fuel blending mandate for flights from its airports from 1 January. EU mandates will progressively escalate, climbing to 70% by 2050. Other governments, including the UK, are following, initially with mandates varying from 1% to 10% by 2030. Both the UK and EU SAF mandates will add a power-to-liquid requirement from 2028 and 2030 respectively.

Of the Infinium investment secured from Brookfield Asset Management, more than $200 million is earmarked for developments including Project Roadrunner and up to $850 million more for deployment of other Infinium e-fuel projects globally, all subject to pre-agreed metrics.

Breakthrough Energy Catalyst has also committed $75 million in project level equity to Project Roadrunner, its first announced equity investment. Breakthrough pulls together corporate and philanthropic organisations to expedite the use of new technologies by supporting clean technology innovation in commercial-scale projects.

American Airlines, the world’s largest carrier and a partner of multiple IAG airlines in the oneworld marketing alliance, has also entered a strategic partnership with Infinium to secure commercial volumes of e-SAF produced by Project Roadrunner.

Announcing their new deal, IAG and Infinium highlighted the abundance of CO2 either captured at the source of industrial production, extracted from biogenic waste or sucked directly from the atmosphere by giant fans.

“This new class of fuel is not encumbered by feedstock limitations, has a higher degree of emissions reduction versus conventional jet fuel, and has a relatively low land and water use footprint,” said the companies.

IAG’s Counsell urged regulators to focus on measures to encourage decarbonisation of air transport, rather than increase costs for the sector.

“Aviation as an industry is working hard to decarbonise and policy should focus on solutions such as SAF, rather than only increasing costs which risk affecting the competitiveness of the European aviation industry,” he said.  

“What the industry needs is additional policy support to attract funds to construct SAF plants and reduce aviation’s reliance on fossil fuels.”

The IAG-Infinium deal follows the formation of Project SkyPower by a high-profile coalition of European companies including airlines, airports, energy companies and financiers to advocate for development of an e-SAF industry in Europe.  

A report produced by the group in May argued that e-SAF is the most effective, and eventually the most affordable, pathway to low-carbon flight and urged governments to develop policies that reduced investment risk in infrastructure development and fuel production before SAF mandates are activated.

It also estimated that capital investment of €15 billion to €25 billion ($16-27bn) would be needed by 2030, and a further €3 billion to €5 billion annually to achieve the scale needed to meet ever-increasing SAF blending mandates.

“It typically takes five years for an e-SAF project between reaching final investment decision and being operational,” said the report. “Therefore, final investment decisions for e-SAF projects are needed by 2025 to start production by 2030.”

Photo: Infinium’s Project Roadrunner facility in West Texas

Tony Harrington

Correspondent

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Announced sustainable aviation fuel projects represent over three billion gallons of annual domestic production capacity in the United States by 2030, surpassing the target set under the US SAF Grand Challenge target, finds a new report from the US Department of Energy (DOE). The announced capacity correlates to over 10% of projected US jet fuel demand, over $44 billion of investment and more than 70,000 jobs across the SAF value chain, says the report, which will be presented at COP29 in Baku on November 21. The biggest barrier to SAF scale-up remains its price, which is currently two to ten times more than fossil jet fuel, says DOE, depending on the feedstock and conversion technology used to produce it. In October, DOE’s Loan Programs Office announced conditional commitments to issue over $1.4 billion dollars in loan guarantees each to renewable fuels companies Montana Renewables and Gevo Net-Zero 1 to help finance their SAF production facilities.

Aviation represents 3.3% of total US GHG emissions and jet fuel consumption is forecasted to increase by 2-3% annually through to 2050, says DOE, with SAF “the only viable solution” to decarbonising the sector in the near-term. The SAF Grand Challenge, established in September 2021 by government and industry, set a target of three billion and 35 billion gallons of annual SAF production in 2030 and 2050 respectively, representing 10% and 100% of projected US jet fuel demand. Current US SAF production is around 2,000 barrels per day, or about 20 million gallons per year.

The ‘SAF Pathways to Commercial Liftoff’ report looks at the near-term potential for SAF and analyses the technical and commercial readiness of several SAF production pathways, highlighting what DOE describes as “the tangible, actionable steps that both the public and private sector can take to make the United States a global leader in SAF production as soon as 2030.” Part of the DOE’s Liftoff series, it looks at market challenges, investment needs and critical pathways for deploying sustainable solutions at scale.

In order to achieve “SAF liftoff” by 2030, the report acknowledges it will require accelerated deployment of production technologies and feedstocks that are now readily available. In parallel, investments in emerging SAF technologies, such as next-generation feedstocks and innovative SAF conversion technologies, are “essential” to ensure 100% of jet fuel can be sustainable by 2050, it says.

To help make SAF more cost competitive with fossil jet, federal and state incentives are playing a necessary role but the report finds that sustained price premiums have limited airlines’ voluntary offtake.

“Long-term offtake agreements will establish the demand certainty needed both to improve financing terms and stimulate investment across the SAF value chain,” says DOE. “Airlines and producers can extend terms or increase volumes by activating third-party offtakers that are willing to pay for the environmental attribute (carbon abatement) of this low-carbon fuel to reduce their Scope 3 emissions. This activation will require the incorporation of SAF in Scope 3 emissions standards.”

The report adds that SAF liftoff will require international policy coordination, including alignment on carbon accounting, feedstock traceability and book-and-claim systems.

“With the aviation sector growing each year, there is no better time to invest in solutions that are both technologically and commercially ready today,” commented US Secretary of Energy Jennifer Granholm. “The latest in DOE’s Liftoff series, this report lays out the critical innovations and investments needed to drive down costs and further scale SAF production – paving the way for a cleaner, more competitive aviation sector that will benefit communities and businesses nationwide.”

DOE will host a webinar on November 21 featuring its senior leaders, including Dr Vanessa Chan, Chief Commercialization Officer and Director of the US Department of Energy’s Office of Technology Transitions (OTT), to outline the findings of the report.

The two commitments announced by DOE’s Loan Programs Office last month included a $1.44 billion loan guarantee to Montana Renewables, which if finalised, will help finance the expansion of a renewable fuels facility in Great Falls, Montana, that will utilize vegetable oils, fats and greases to produce SAF, renewable diesel and renewable naphtha. The other is a $1.46 billion loan guarantee to Gevo Net-Zero 1, to help finance the first-of-a-kind, large-scale corn starch-to-jet fuel facility in the United States. Located in Lake Preston, South Dakota, this facility will source US-grown, low-cost, low-carbon field corn and will use carbon capture and sequestration and renewable power to lower emissions.

Photo (Delta): Shipments of camelina-derived SAF produced by Montana Renewables were delivered via pipeline in October to Delta’s hubs at Minneapolis-St Paul and Detroit Metropolitan airports

Two Californian e-fuel startups, Infinium and Twelve, have received a joint total of up to $1.7 billion in funding and investment to help accelerate production and availability of sustainable aviation fuel. Brookfield Asset Management has committed to invest more than $200 million in Infinium’s Project Roadrunner that is under development in West Texas and up to an additional $850 million for deployment of other Infinium eFuels projects globally, all subject to pre-agreed metrics. This marks Brookfield’s first direct investment in SAF and the investor will also serve as lead in Infinium’s Series C Preferred Stock Offering. Twelve has received $645 million in funding, which includes $400 million in project equity led by TPG Rise Climate, $200 million in Series C financing and an additional $45 million in credit facilities from funders in the renewable energy sector.

Infinium produces eSAF through a proprietary process that combines water, waste CO2 and renewable energy to produce drop-in eSAF as well as eDiesel and eNaphtha. The company recently announced a strategic deal with American Airlines, in which American will purchase commercial volumes of its eSAF starting in 2026 produced by Project Roadrunner.

“Brookfield is a tremendous partner and we are thrilled to secure this additional capital as we scale eSAF production to meet the overwhelming demand from the aviation industry,” said Infinium CEO Robert Schuetzle.

“Our Project Pathfinder site was the first to bring commercial volumes of e-fuels to market and Project Roadrunner brings additional volumes to scale global supplies. As our airline partners continue to push for more SAF and decarbonisation options, Infinium remains committed to accelerating production to help meet those demands.”

Brookfield joins existing backer Breakthrough Energy Catalyst, which previously committed $75 million in funding for Project Roadrunner.

“Our investment is structured to provide the capital Infinium needs to accelerate the production of SAF to meet the growing demand from corporate customers while generating attractive risk-adjusted returns for us,” explained Jehangir Vevaina, Managing Partner at Brookfield, which has around $1 trillion of assets under management. “In addition to Roadrunner, Infinium has a large pipeline of well-positioned projects to help meet the demand for the structurally short e-fuels market, and we are looking forward to the opportunity to participate in the development of further e-fuel projects through follow-on investments.”

Infinium claims Project Pathfinder in Corpus Christi, Texas, is the world’s first commercial-scale facility making drop-in ready e-fuels for heavy transportation applications and chemical processes, and is the first in North America to produce e-fuels that have received ISCC PLUS certification. Pathfinder integrates Infinium’s novel fuel production technology using patented catalysts with on-site electrolysers, a state-of-the-art laboratory, logistics and delivery mechanics to produce, validate and distribute e-fuels in what it describes as fewer steps than others in the industry.

The company says it has more than a dozen additional projects under development across the United States, the EU, Japan and Australia.

Meanwhile, funding raised by Twelve will be used towards the completion of the company’s inaugural AirPlant One eSAF facility located in Moses Lake, Washington, which is expected to begin production in 2025. Twelve’s patented technology will be used to produce SAF derived from biogenic CO2, water and renewable energy sources, which achieves claimed lifecycle emissions up to 90% lower than conventional fossil jet fuel. Twelve recently raised $45 million in total loans from two lenders – the first a $25 million construction loan from clean energy investment firm Fundamental Renewables, the other a $20 million green loan from multinational bank SMBC.

TPG Rise Climate, a $7.3 billion climate impact fund, has now committed up to $400 million in project equity financing to support the development of future AirPlants, which will supply Twelve’s E-Jet fuel to customers like Alaska Airlines and IAG, parent company of British Airways.

“We are drawn to companies and founders that have developed and proven unique solutions to complex problems,” said Jonathan Garfinkel, Managing Partner at TPG Rise Climate. “Twelve is a clear leader in CO2 conversion technology, which is a core part of the power-to-liquids technology stack, and the process we believe represents the long-term scalable solution for SAF production.”

TPG is leading Twelve’s $200 million Series C round alongside Capricorn Investment Group and Pulse Fund. A number of new and existing investors participated in the round, including Microsoft’s Climate Innovation Fund and Alaska Airlines’ investment arm, Alaska Star Ventures.

“We are excited to be a part of this round of forward-looking funders to make a more sustainable future for aviation possible,” said Diana Birkett Rakow, SVP Public Affairs and Sustainability at Alaska Airlines. “Over the last several years we have appreciated getting to know the team at Twelve. Together we are building a multi-level partnership to expand supply, mature the market for SAF and to soon use their E-Jet fuel in our operations.”

Responded Nicholas Flanders, CEO at Twelve: “Our financing strategy has been to build a comprehensive capital stack that enables us to deliver product to customers at scale while continually driving down costs. We’re proud to work with visionary financing partners and collaborators who share our commitment to deploying first of a kind technologies that address climate change at scale.”

Photo: American Airlines expects to purchase commercial volumes of Infinium’s eSAF starting in 2026

Christopher Surgenor

Editor

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E-fuels will be featured at Aviation Carbon 2024

US-based carbon conversion startup AIR COMPANY has raised $69 million in fresh funding to progress its proprietary Carbon Conversion Reactor technology, designed as a one-step system to transform carbon dioxide into products including sustainable aviation fuel. The Series B funding round was led by business aviation fuel supplier Avfuel and supported by sustainable investment groups and other aviation companies. Through the new process, CO2 that routinely would be discharged into the atmosphere is instead captured at source within industrial plants. Then, using its patented AIRMADE technology to mimic the natural process of photosynthesis, the company combines CO2 and green hydrogen to create SAF, alcohol and chemicals, including perfumes.

In addition to Avfuel, which will be represented on the AIR COMPANY board of directors, the latest backers of AIR COMPANY’s AIRMADE system include Alaska Airlines, sustainable investment groups Lowercarbon Capital, In-Q-Tel, and Connecticut Innovation’s Climate Technology Fund, plus aviation support businesses JSSI, Duncan Aviation and infrastructure provider Sheltair Aviation.

Previous investors JetBlue Ventures, Toyota Ventures and Carbon Direct Capital also participated in the latest capital raising, which will be used to boost AIR COMPANY’s engineering and research and development capabilities to accelerate development of the AIRMADE system to produce new fuels for commercial and government customers. US-based carrier JetBlue and UK-based Virgin Atlantic Airways are among the first customers to commit to buying SAF, as is the US Defense Innovation Unit, with a $65 million agreement.

The company says its one-step process is more energy-efficient than competing two-step conversion systems in which CO2 and green hydrogen are combined in a syngas generator then further processed in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor to create liquid fuel.

Once captured at industrial plants, the CO2 sourced by AIR COMPANY is cooled, pressurised and liquified, and green hydrogen is produced by the company through in-house electrolysis, powered by renewable energy.

Residual oxygen is discharged into the atmosphere, while the hydrogen gas and captured CO2 are each transferred to the Carbon Conversion Reactor which blends the two to directly produce liquid fuel.

“Our technology is designed to be modular to facilitate adoption and scalability,” explained the company’s CEO, Gregory Constantine.

“This adds flexibility to fuel supply chains, strengthens energy security, and fosters domestic job creation,” added Dr Stafford Sheehan, who, with Constantine, co-founded the business.

Said CR Sincock, Executive VP of Avfuel Corporation: “The aviation sector faces a critical challenge in meeting the growing demand for sustainable aviation fuel. SAF represents a crucial pathway to decarbonisation and AIR COMPANY’s innovative CO2-derived SAF technology stands out as a leading solution.

“By partnering with AIR COMPANY, Avfuel is committed to accelerating the widespread adoption of this high performing fuel and driving meaningful emissions reductions across the industry.”

Earlier this year, Avfuel also extended to 2027 a partnership launched in 2021 with SAF producer Neste to supply the fuel to business aviation operators and support facilities in the US. Each year of the deal, AvFuel has tripled its SAF offtake from Neste, a trend which it expects to continue under the extended agreement.

Among AIR COMPANY’s other new investors, several have supported other sustainable aviation programmes, including Lowercarbon Capital, which has also backed Sweden’s Heart Aerospace in developing the hybrid-electric ES-30 regional plane; Connecticut Innovation Climate Tech Fund, which has backed electric air taxi developer Eve Air Mobility; and In-Q-Tel, which has supported drone logistics company Swoop Aero.

“As we scale globally,” said AIR COMPANY, “we’ll commercialise our technology and products while offering equitable distribution of our systems to communities disproportionately affected by the climate crisis.” 

Photo: AIR COMPANY’s AIRMADE technology

Tony Harrington

Correspondent

• Linkedin

Expanding US carrier Alaska Airlines has announced an investment in California-based JetZero, which is developing a blended-wing body (BWB) airliner promising up to 50% lower fuel burn than current 200-plus passenger aircraft and targeting 2030 entry into service. The airline did not specify the value of the investment or its potential scale or timing but confirmed that the deal included options for future orders of the blended wing jets. Alaska’s stake in JetZero was facilitated through Alaska Star Ventures, a dedicated investment platform established in 2021 by the airline to identify and support technologies to help it achieve its steep target of net zero carbon emissions by 2040. In 2021, Alaska invested in hydrogen-electric pioneer ZeroAvia and entered a development collaboration on a hydrogen powertrain for a 76-seat zero-emission aircraft with the startup.

“We are always looking for ways to innovate and shape the future of air travel,” said Diana Birkett Rakow, Alaska’s SVP of public affairs and sustainability, announcing the JetZero investment.

The family of planes proposed by JetZero features an innovative arrowhead design in which the fuselage and swept-back wings are integrated, lightweight composite materials are widely used and two high bypass jet engines are mounted atop the rear of the fuselage. The company says the design, which also excludes a tail, “dramatically” improves aerodynamic efficiency compared to conventional tube-and-wing jet designs and will a be able to use 100% sustainable aviation fuel.

“A shorter, wider fuselage is blended together, mimicking the wing to provide lift,” explained JetZero. “With less drag and weight, the size of the engines is reduced, which further reduces drag and weight. This breakthrough fills the mid-market gap with an aircraft that achieves half the fuel burn and emissions of the ageing fleet it will replace.”

JetZero was founded in 2021 by an engineering team who pioneered the BWB concept, with co-founder and CTO Mark Page first investigating future BWB properties under a NASA initiative in the 1990s while at McDonnell Douglas. Although blended wing technology has been studied for three decades by NASA and other partners, it is JetZero which is progressing the concept to commercialisation.

Last year, it secured a $235 million award from the Innovation Unit of the US Department of Defense to develop and fly a full-scale demonstrator aircraft by the first quarter of 2027 and this month it received a grant of $8 million through the FAA’s FAST programme. It is partnering with Northrop Grumman and Scaled Composites to build and test the demonstrator, and Pratt & Whitney GatorWorks to design and integrate its propulsion system. Although it will initially be designed to use 100% SAF, JetZero said its design could also accommodate later conversion to hydrogen propulsion.

“The biggest challenge for airlines is lowering fuel burn and emissions,” said JetZero co-founder and CEO Tom O’Leary. “Of all the great new technologies in work, the BWB design delivers the biggest market impact by far. Airlines will see immediate benefit in cost savings, dramatically lower emissions, and improved customer service compared to airplanes flying today. We’re thrilled to welcome Alaska to our team of innovators, and our belief is that this aircraft will reshape aviation.”

The airline’s Diana Birkett Rakow said: “We are proud to invest in JetZero’s development of this innovative next-generation aircraft, with a significant step-change in fuel efficiency. We and JetZero share a vision for more sustainable aviation, and we are excited to partner with them in creating that future.”   

As well as committing to support JetZero, Alaska Airlines is also backing hydrogen-electric propulsion company ZeroAvia, which is developing a family of zero emission propulsion systems to replace fossil-fuel engines in existing turbine and turboprop aircraft.

In May last year, Alaska Airlines delivered one of its decommissioned Bombardier Q400 turboprop airliners – also known as Dash 8-400s – to the hydrogen propulsion company for use as an airborne test platform. The aircraft was previously operated by Alaska’s regional division, Horizon Air.

ZeroAvia is progressing its entry level ZA 600 powertrain towards certification for use in 10-20 seat aircraft by next year, and is well-advanced on its next model, the ZA 2000, designed to retrofit zero emission propulsion systems into 40-80 seat turboprop airliners like the Q400 or Europe’s ATR42 and 72 family of aircraft. For this programme it is targeting entry into service by 2027. Jet derivatives are also planned.

In addition to its JetZero and ZeroAvia partnerships, Alaska Airlines could also be linked to a third new aircraft programme if its proposal to acquire Hawaiian Airlines wins regulatory approval. Hawaiian has invested an undisclosed amount in US-based Regent Seagliders and is part of an advisory group assisting with the design of a 100-seat version of the battery-electric aircraft, which will use waterways and wharves instead of land based runways and airports, and will operate high speed, low altitude flights over water.

Image: Render of the JetZero blended-wing body concept aircraft

Tony Harrington

Correspondent

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The US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has announced $291 million in new grants to accelerate air transport decarbonisation, backing projects ranging from production, storage and distribution of sustainable aviation fuels to new aircraft, propulsion and flight planning technologies. The funds have been provided under Fueling Aviation’s Sustainable Transition (FAST), a programme which supports initiatives to help achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2050. The grants, made possible under the Inflation Reduction Act, coincide with increasing global concerns that aviation will fail to meet its climate targets without more policy support from governments. “The Biden-Harris Administration is committed to enhancing the safety of our national transportation system and reaching our mid-century target of net-zero emissions,” said Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg. “These grants will help put the world on a path toward decarbonising aviation while fostering economic growth and ensuring the US retains its global leadership in aviation.”

The latest grants support 36 projects in 22 states, with the largest proportion – $244.5 million, or 84% – dedicated to producing, transporting, blending or storing SAF, or for studies to determine infrastructure requirements for the low carbon fuels. The remaining $46.5 million has been committed to projects which develop, demonstrate or apply low-emission aviation technologies.

“These grants will reduce carbon pollution, improve aircraft fuel efficiency and increase SAF use,” announced the FAA, adding that all the organisations to be awarded grants were based in the US. But some are also significant players in global markets, or aspiring to be so, supporting not just US aviation but also international partners and customers.

The FAST funding was allocated via four channels – SAF Tiers 1 and 2 and Low Emission Categories 1 and 2 – to a mix of existing and startup fuel producers, logistics and supply chain companies, state and local governments, airport authorities, universities, and both established and evolving manufacturers of aircraft, powerplants and components.

SAF Tier 1 projects, of which there are seven, are focused on supply chain studies to identify SAF infrastructure needs, while Tier 2 projects, of which there are 15, are for the construction of infrastructure to produce, transport, blend and store SAF. There are also 13 Low Emission Technology Category 1 projects, each developing new decarbonisation technologies, and one Low Emission Technology Category 2 project to develop test capabilities to advance new measures.

The largest single grant was $50 million to Martinez Renewables, a joint venture between Marathon Petroleum and global SAF producer Neste, to help fund upgrades at the company’s renewable fuels plant in California to enable production of SAF as synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK). The repurposed facility is expected to produce 100-350 million gallons of SAF per year from 2027.    

Among other major recipients of grants for SAF, BP Products North America secured $26.76 million to produce and blend 10-25 million gallons per year at its Cherry Point refinery in Washington State; Buckeye Terminals was awarded $24 million to upgrade SAF storage and distribution capacity at four facilities in Michigan, Illinois and Indiana; World Energy secured $21.96 million to install and integrate pipeline components to enable SAF delivery to Los Angeles International Airport; and Phillips 66 secured a total of just under $23 million to upgrade or develop four of its locations in California and Oregon to produce, blend and store SAF.

Additionally, Equilon Enterprises was awarded $17.9 million to install infrastructure to receive and blend neat SAF at the Shell Carson Terminal in southern California, with an annual output target of 151 million gallons; Gevo secured $16.8 million to convert a Minnesota facility to produce alcohol-to-jet SAF; Colonial Pipeline Company in Louisiana attracted $16.5 million to increase SAF storage and blending capacity; Arcadia eFuels was awarded $14.6 million for front-end engineering design to build a new SAF plant in Texas; Marquis R&D Energy secured just under $10 million for production, blending and storage infrastructure for ethanol-to-jet SAF; and LanzaJet received $3 million to expand infrastructure to enable delivery of an additional 518,300 gallons of SAF per year.

Emerging aircraft manufacturer JetZero secured an $8 million grant to develop technologies for its new Blended Wing Body aircraft, in particular lightweight composite materials; Otto Aviation Group secured just under $7 million for wind tunnel tests of a transonic super laminar aircraft, designed to achieve twice the efficiency of conventional models by improving airflow over the plane’s surfaces; hydrogen propulsion company ZeroAvia was awarded $4.2 million to progress development of a suite of hydrogen fuel cell powertrains; Heart Aerospace, California, secured $4.1 million to develop hybrid-electric systems for new zero emission planes; Wright Electric received $3.3 million to develop an ultra-high energy battery for zero-emission aircraft; and Boeing received $2.6 million for a new system to more accurately measure fuel loads.

Initiatives delivering incremental reductions in emissions were also recognised in the FAST programme, with a $5.6 million grant to Green Taxi to design, manufacture and certificate an electric nosewheel motor for zero-emission taxiing, initially for installation on Embraer E175 aircraft; Seattle-based Apijet secured $4.5 million for flight planning software enabling airlines to optimise routes with real-time information on operating constraints; and Aersale was awarded $757,400 to develop initiatives to reduce aerodynamic drag on Boeing 737 windscreens, including vertical parking of windshield wipers. 

The universities of Virginia, Illinois and Michigan received funds to advance a range of programmes including supply chain modelling for airport SAF deliveries, flight operations using low-emission technologies and development of a test facility for zero emission electric aircraft systems. The cities of Atlanta and Philadelphia and the Alaska Department of Transportation were variously funded to explore feasibility or means of delivering SAF or increasing its uptake in their jurisdictions. The FAA said no further grants or funding opportunities were under consideration.

Photo (Los Angeles World Airports): SAF producer World Energy secured $21.96 million under FAST to install and integrate pipeline components to enable SAF delivery to LAX

Tony Harrington

Correspondent

• Linkedin

A slew of new sustainable aviation fuel initiatives have been announced in the US, including major supplies for United Airlines and JetBlue at their respective hubs in Chicago and New York, Airbus investing in emerging SAF producer LanzaJet and UK start-up Firefly Green Fuels partnering with US biosolids feedstock provider Synagro Technologies to produce low carbon fuel in North America. United will receive up to 1 million gallons (3,000 tonnes) of SAF during 2024 from Finland’s Neste, which has just commissioned a new terminal facility in Houston, Texas, while JetBlue will take at least 1 million gallons from World Fuel Services, potentially by the fourth quarter of this year. European aircraft manufacturer Airbus, meanwhile, has joined a list of big-name investors in LanzaJet, which recently activated the world’s first ethanol-to-SAF facility, Freedom Pines Fuels in Georgia.

By signing for SAF from Neste’s newly-commissioned SAF terminal capacity at ONEOK’s Galena Park Terminal facility in Houston, Texas, United, the world’s third biggest airline, will become the first carrier to buy SAF to power regular commercial flights from Chicago O’Hare, the third busiest airport in the US.

The new capacity at ONEOK’s terminal provides Neste with storage capacity of up to 100,000 tons (around 33.5 million gallons) and is directly connected to the energy pipeline infrastructure in the eastern part of the US. The SAF is expected to be piped to Chicago from August, expanding the availability of Neste’s product to airlines operating from east of the Rocky Mountains to the East Coast.

The deal has been underpinned by the Illinois SAF Purchase Credit, introduced last year for every gallon of the fuel sold to or used by an airline in the state.

“This is what happens when innovation, leadership and policy come together,” said United President Brett Hart, who praised the Illinois Legislature and State Governor JB Pritzker for introducing the incentives which powered the SAF deal at Chicago O’Hare. “While the market for SAF is still in its infancy, there is a huge opportunity today for airlines and policymakers to work together to support its continued growth.”

Alexander Kueper, Neste’s VP, Renewable Aviation Business, said the deal expanded an existing partnership with United, which has already procured Neste SAF in San Francisco and at Amsterdam’s Schiphol Airport. “We are excited to expand our partnership with United and see our SAF being used at one of the major airports in the US,” he said. “It underlines our commitment to supporting the US aviation industry in its efforts to decarbonise and shows the important role that policy supports like the federal SAF 40B credit and the Illinois SAF Purchase Credit play in accelerating SAF usage.”

JetBlue, too, is ramping up its SAF use, signing with US-based World Fuel Services to provide the first regular supply of blended SAF to New York’s John F Kennedy Airport, pumped in via existing infrastructure including the Colonial Pipeline, America’s largest pipeline system for refined fuel products.

Neat SAF produced by Diamond Green Diesel will be blended with conventional jet fuel by Valero Marketing and Supply Company, then delivered to World Fuel. The airline will acquire at least 1 million gallons of neat SAF, equivalent to 3.3 million gallons of blended fuel, potentially as early as the fourth quarter of this year. It will also have an option to procure up to 4 million gallons more (about 13.3 million gallons blended), though the timeline for the additional fuel was not disclosed.

“This newly available SAF in our hometown is a key signal of the growing engagement by major fuel producers and the potential of SAF to meaningfully address aviation’s carbon emissions,” said Sara Bogdan, the airline’s Managing Director of sustainability and environmental social governance. “By leveraging Valero’s globally recognised expertise in energy markets and logistics, and by utilising existing jet fuel distribution infrastructure, this new, large-scale supply of SAF is set to be a pivotal moment as the industry grows the use of SAF.”

Brad Hurwitz, World Fuel’s SVP, Supply and Trading, welcomed the JetBlue deal to bring SAF to JFK Airport, strengthening the energy company’s ambition to develop a consistent flow of the fuel to the US east coast.

“Today, as a result of state-level programmes incentivising the use of renewable fuels, the majority of domestically supplied blended SAF is delivered into west coast airports,” he said. “Engagement across public and private sectors is needed to expand the supply of SAF to more cities and grow the economies of scale.”

Aircraft manufacturer Airbus has become the latest investor to support US-based SAF producer LanzaJet, strengthening that company’s plans to produce the fuel not only in America but in multiple other markets. To scale its alcohol-to-jet fuel technology, LanzaJet is involved in projects in 25 countries across five continents.

By participating in LanzaJet’s s latest growth equity funding round, Airbus joined a high-profile list of investors and funders including All Nippon Airways, British Airways, Southwest Airlines, French airports company Groupe ADP, Microsoft’s Climate Innovation Fund, sustainable finance group Breakthrough Energy, Shell, Suncor Energy and Japan’s Mitsui & Co and MUFG Bank.

“Sustainable aviation fuels are one of the most important levers available to decarbonise aviation, but their production is still limited,” said Julie Kitcher, Chief Sustainability Officer at Airbus, echoing a consistent and increasing concern in the aviation sector. “Our partnership with LanzaJet demonstrates Airbus ’commitment to work with leading energy technology suppliers to explore innovative production pathways and scale SAF.

“This important partnership with LanzaJet underlines the importance of new technologies and cross-sector collaboration to achieve net zero CO2 emissions by 2050.”

The renewable fuel company uses low-carbon ethanol to create SAF, a process it says will reduce lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions by more than 70% compared to conventional fossil-based jet fuels.  

“LanzaJet intentionally developed a diverse portfolio of strategic investors consisting of leading global companies to ensure we have the ecosystem to scale the SAF industry,” said CEO Jimmy Samartzis. “This important investment from Airbus supports the growth of our company, enabling LanzaJet to scale the production and deployment of SAF to continue working towards meeting aviation’s decarbonisation goals and developing a more sustainable industry.”

LanzaJet is involved in developing a SAF production project – Project Speedbird – in the UK in partnership with British Airways and Nova Pangaea Technologies. In the reverse direction, UK-based start-up Firefly Green Fuels, whose technology converts sewage sludge into high performance fuels including SAF, has announced that Baltimore-headquartered Synagro will be the exclusive supplier of biosolid content in the American market.

Firefly uses as process called hydrothermal liquefaction to chemically transform biosolid waste into biocrude and biochar, the former upgraded to SAF and the remainder to other uses including fertiliser. It recently secured investment funding from a partnership of Boeing and sustainable investment group Clear Sky. 

“This is a perfect partnership with monumental implications,” said Synagro’s CEO, Bob Preston. “We’re pairing Synagro’s expertise in sustainable solutions for biosolids with Firefly’s SAF technology to evolve the circular economy.”  

James Hygate, CEO of Firefly Green Fuels, said there was a huge requirement for SAF in North America, the world’s biggest combined air transport market. “By working together, we can bring operations online quickly, creating new jobs and vast volumes of truly sustainable fuel.”

Photo: United will become the first carrier to power regular commercial flights from Chicago O’Hare with SAF

Tony Harrington

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French global airport operator Groupe ADP has invested $20 million in US-based LanzaJet, an emerging international producer of sustainable aviation fuel. The investment was made by ADP International, a subsidiary of the group, as part of a strategy to transform its airports into energy hubs able to provide electricity, SAF and low-carbon hydrogen. The investment follows LanzaJet’s recent activation of the Freedom Pines facility in Soperton, Georgia, the world’s first ethanol-to-fuel plant, capable of both SAF and renewable diesel production. Groupe ADP is the third company to invest in LanzaJet this year, after the Microsoft Climate Innovation Fund and the world’s biggest low-cost airline, Texas-based Southwest. LanzaJet has global expansion ambitions, with plans to develop plants elsewhere in America, as well as in Europe and Asia. It is also a partner in a new SAF project planned for Queensland, Australia.

The latest investment by Groupe ADP  is part of a plan to supply SAF at competitive prices in France and globally, and specifically to help strengthen LanzaJet’s production and deployment capabilities.  

In addition to the three major airports in Paris – Charles de Gaulle, Orly and Le Bourget – Groupe ADP has management contracts or concessions at 23 more airports, including through investments in Turkey’s TAV Airports and Indian operator GMR Airports. Among the hubs it manages are those in three capitals: Zagreb, Amman and Santiago.

“Low-carbon aviation will not take off without the transformation of airports into energy hubs with a range of low-carbon solutions,” explained Augustin de Romanet, CEO of Groupe ADP. “The airport revolution must happen now, and it is underway in Paris.

“As the world’s leading airport operator, we want to go further and act at source by supporting the production of sustainable aviation fuel, investing directly in LanzaJet, an innovative company able to deploy its technology responsibly around the world, and adapting to local waste to make these new fuels available everywhere.”

Groupe ADP was also the first airport company to invest in the United Airlines Ventures Sustainable Flight Fund, an investment fund established by the world’s third-biggest airline to support the development of SAF. 

LanzaJet is aiming to produce 1 billion gallons of SAF (3.8 billion litres) per year by 2030 and, from the second half of this year, 10 million gallons (38 million litres) per year at its first US facility, Freedom Pines, which uses alcohol produced from feedstocks including municipal waste and forestry and agricultural residues.

“We continue to lay the foundation for building the SAF industry across the entire value chain,” said LanzaJet CEO Jimmy Samartzis. “With this significant contribution from Groupe ADP, a first-of-its-kind in the industry, we will expand LanzaJet’s technology deployment and global growth.

“Together, we will work towards expanding sustainable aviation fuel production and logistics into airports to support airlines and Groupe ADP customers worldwide as the industry works collaboratively to decarbonise.” 

The Groupe ADP investment closely follows another from Microsoft’s Climate Innovation Fund, which also supports LanzaJet’s SAF development and deployment. The two companies will additionally explore how Microsoft’s data and artificial intelligence technology can support LanzaJet’s corporate functions and ethanol-to-SAF process technology.

Details of the latest investment were not disclosed, but in 2022 Microsoft provided a $50 million project finance investment to support construction of the Freedom Pines facility.

“Our continued alignment with Microsoft allows LanzaJet to build our team and capacity at pace to support global deployment of our leading sustainable fuels process technology,” said Samartzis. “Microsoft has played a significant role in making SAF production a reality in the United States, and this investment re-emphasises its urgent commitment to decarbonisation of hard-to-abate sectors.”

Through its investment in LanzaJet, Microsoft can also gain access to SAF and renewable diesel, and SAF certificates (SAFc) from future LanzaJet projects to progress its own 2030 carbon neutrality targets.

“Microsoft is proud to support LanzaJet with our investment in the growth of its sustainable fuel technology business,” said Brandon Middaugh, senior director of Microsoft’s Climate Innovation Fund. “Microsoft is investing in partners who share our commitment to advancing a net-zero economy and who are building the market for critical solutions like SAF and renewable diesel.”

Also this year, LanzaJet has received a $30 million investment from Southwest Airlines, as part of a broader deal in which the two will collaborate on developing a SAF production facility in the US. That project will progress the operations of another energy company in which Southwest is invested, SAFFiRE Renewables, which specialises in converting corn stover to ethanol.

Other investors and funders in LanzaJet include All Nippon Airways, Breakthrough Energy, British Airways, Lanzatech, Mitsui & Co, Shell and Suncor Energy.

Photo: The LanzaJet Freedom Pines plant

Tony Harrington

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North America has seen new sustainable aviation fuel agreements this month announced by Boeing and Canada’s WestJet, as well as Air New Zealand for supply in Los Angeles. Boeing has signed deals with multiple SAF suppliers to source 9.4 million gallons of blended product, its biggest single annual commitment. Of this, 4 million gallons are destined for its Pacific Northwest fuel farms and another 5.4 million gallons for distribution through book-and-claim programmes. In Canada, Calgary-based WestJet has bought the first SAF supplied in the country through Shell Aviation’s Avelia book-and-claim system. And in Los Angeles, Air New Zealand is taking delivery this year of 9 million litres (2.4 million gallons) of neat SAF produced in Singapore by renewable energy group Neste. Additionally, Boeing has just partnered with Australia’s Wagner Sustainable Fuels in developing a SAF blending facility in the state of Queensland.   

Boeing’s latest commitment, 60% greater than its SAF acquisitions in 2023, will be used in the company’s ecoDemonstrator programme, through which technologies and practices designed to increase aircraft efficiency and reduce their emissions are assessed using the company’s fleet of testbed aircraft. The blended supplies, all of which will include 30% SAF developed with waste fats, oils and greases, will also be used on Boeing’s commercial operational flights in the US.

The 4 million gallons of blended SAF destined for Boeing’s fuel farms will be produced by renewable energy group Neste and supplied by two US-based independent suppliers – 2.5 million gallons from EPIC Fuels, which operates major facilities in Oregon and Texas, and 1.5 million gallons from Avfuel, based in Michigan.

The additional 5.4 million gallons of blended SAF will also be provided in two batches, with 3.5 million gallons of Neste-made SAF to be supplied by EPIC Fuels, and 1.9 million gallons produced by World Fuel Services and supplied by World Energy. Through a book-and-claim process, Boeing will purchase the CO2 emissions reductions associated with these deals.

As well as driving up demand for SAF, book-and-claim systems authenticate the environmental attributes and ensure that these are allocated to buyers of the fuel as offset credits towards their net zero carbon emission targets.

 “About 20% of our fuel usage is a SAF blend,” said Ryan Faucett, Boeing’s VP Environmental Sustainability. “We continue to increase our use of this fuel to encourage growth in the SAF industry. We are also working to make SAF more available and affordable to our commercial airline customers through collaboration, investment, research and policy development.”

In Canada, WestJet said it had acquired the first SAF to be supplied in the country by Shell Aviation via its Avelia book-and-claim platform, though neither the volume nor timeframe of the fuel deal were disclosed in the airline’s announcement. Avelia uses blockchain technology to confirm transparent tracking of the environmental attributes of SAF, from production to delivery into aviation fuelling networks.

“WestJet is committed to enhancing our position as a first mover in sustainability technologies,” said Angela Avery, the airline group’s EVP and Chief People, Corporate and Sustainability Officer. “Just as we pioneered advancements in winglets and drag reduction, WestJet proudly stands as the first airline to acquire SAF by Shell in Canada. This first step sets the stage for future collaboration and innovation to encourage investments in this important lever for decarbonisation.”

The airline also added to the industry’s growing global pressure for support of SAF, saying it continued to work with government and industry partners to establish a sustainable, long-term commercial framework for the fuel which, “with the right regulatory and investment environment”, was one of aviation’s more viable and scalable decarbonisation pathways.

Christine Bassitt, Shell Aviation’s GM Americas, welcomed the WestJet deal, which not only supported decarbonisation of air transport, but simultaneously expanded the SAF supply chain in Canada to enable greater access to the fuel. 

Air New Zealand’s latest SAF deal was signed in Singapore during a New Zealand government-sponsored business delegation to South-East Asia, led by Prime Minister Christopher Luxon, a former CEO of the airline. The fuel will be produced by Neste at its recently expanded Singapore refinery, with the first supplies already being delivered to Los Angeles International Airport, from which the airline flies daily. The total order will be fulfilled by 30 November.

This is the biggest purchase of SAF from Neste by any airline based outside North America and Europe for delivery before the end of 2024, and nine times Air New Zealand’s first SAF acquisition from Neste in 2022. The airline’s total global SAF uptake between April and the end of November is expected to be 850 million litres (225 million gallons), as part of a broader decarbonisation programme that includes the introduction of electric aircraft.

Having committed last year to acquire up to 23 all-electric ALIA aircraft from Beta Technologies, the airline has now announced Wellington-Marlborough as the first route for all-cargo flights, to operate in partnership with NZ Post.  Serving as a commercial demonstrator for zero emission operations, the first aircraft will be based in Wellington, the national capital, at the base of New Zealand’s North Island, while Marlborough Airport in Blenheim, at the top of the South Island, will install charging infrastructure for the plane’s return journey across the Cook Strait.

Kiri Hannifin, Air New Zealand’s Chief Sustainability Officer, said the demonstrator aircraft would be used to gradually prepare the national aviation system for lower emission aircraft ahead of 2030, when the airline plans to phase out its fleet of 23 Q300 turboprops, or potentially convert them to new zero-emission propulsion systems.  

“Decarbonising aviation is of global importance, and in New Zealand maintaining regional connectivity through this transition is of national importance,” said Dean Heiford, CEO of Marlborough Airport. “This is a big step for us on our own sustainability journey that we wouldn’t have been able to achieve without partnership. We’re looking forward to sharing our learnings with other regional airports across New Zealand.”

In neighbouring Australia, Boeing has bolstered its latest commitment to SAF by partnering with Wagner Sustainable Fuels, which has commenced the design and construction of a SAF blending facility in the state of Queensland.

Ther new facility, which is due to open later this year, is located at Wagner’s Wellcamp Airport in the regional city of Toowoomba, west of Brisbane, which accommodates flights ranging from turboprop and narrowbody passenger jets to Boeing 747 freight services by Cathay Pacific, which regularly flies fresh produce from the region to Asia and beyond.

“Wagner’s sustainability goals align with Boeing’s work to advance aviation decarbonisation and energy security through renewable energy including SAF, advanced technologies, operational efficiency and fleet renewal,” said Kim Camrass, sustainability lead for Boeing in Australia, New Zealand and South Pacific.

“We’re proud to contribute to the building blocks of a sovereign SAF production industry with this Australian first facility,” said Matt Doyle, CEO of Wagner Sustainable Fuels, “and anticipate by the end of 2024 this facility will mark the start of the supply of SAF in Australia on a consistent basis.

“In collaboration with Boeing, the Wellcamp blending facility will demonstrate the greenhouse gas emissions reduction benefits of SAF for our customers, provide a focus for federal and state policy makers, and introduce the supply chain to this potential AUD3 billion ($2bn) per year industry.”

Photo: Boeing ecoDemonstrator aircraft refuelled with blended SAF

Tony Harrington

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